Dog Pregnancy Signs and Symptoms

Welcoming a new litter of puppies into your home can be exciting, yet overwhelming. And if you're considering breeding, it's crucial to know the sign and symptoms of a pregnant dog and prepare for canine pregnancy. As it would be a delicate period for your pooch, as a pet parent, you must be well equipped to provide her with the right care. That’s exactly why this guide focuses on the canine pregnancy symptoms and care requirements. So, read on and gear up for an experience of a lifetime.

Dog pregnancy symptoms

Understanding the stages of signs and symptoms of pregnant dogs is essential for ensuring a smooth journey to motherhood for your canine companion. Throughout all stages, consider veterinary diagnostic testing for the most accurate confirmation and guidance on your dog's pregnancy journey. Here's a week-by-week breakdown of what you might observe:

• One to two weeks:

  During the early stages, signs of dog is pregnant can be subtle. Some dogs experience morning sickness, which may involve vomiting. It's crucial to differentiate this from other causes of dog vomiting, so do not forget to visit a vet. Appetite changes might also occur as hormone levels shift.

• Three to five weeks:

  As the pregnancy progresses, you might notice an increase in appetite and slight weight gain. You may see signs of dog is pregnant like enlarged nipples may become apparent, signaling the body's preparation for nursing.

• Six weeks:

  By this time, a swollen abdomen is usually noticeable, and nesting behaviours may begin. Your dog might start dragging blankets or digging in corners, instinctively preparing a safe space for her puppies.

• Seven to eight weeks:

  Weight gain continues, and your dog may exhibit behavioural changes, such as irritability or clinginess. Keep an eye out for any unusual signs or symptoms of a pregnant dog.

• Nine weeks:

  The final stretch of canine pregnancy sees the onset of labour signs. Your dog may become restless and seek solitude as she prepares for whelping. It's vital to monitor your dog’s health and ensure a supportive environment.

How long are dogs pregnant?

The gestation period for dogs typically lasts between 57 and 72 days, with an average of about 63 days, or roughly two months. It's important to note that while the length is consistent across breeds and ages, predicting the exact timing of delivery can be tricky. This is because the date of breeding doesn’t always align perfectly with conception. 

During the first month, the fertilized eggs settle in the uterine lining, and rapid fetal growth begins. By the end of this month, a veterinarian can often detect a fetal heartbeat, signaling that the embryos are developing into puppies. Hence, it's essential to work closely with a veterinarian for a healthy delivery and neonatal care.

How to confirm dog pregnancy?

Determining if your dog is pregnant involves several diagnostic methods, each offering unique insights into the pregnancy. While you can look for dog pregnancy signs, veterinary assistance is key to confirming canine pregnancy. Here are the primary methods used by veterinarians:

• Palpation:

  Around 28 to 30 days after breeding, a veterinarian can perform abdominal palpation to confirm pregnancy in dogs. By gently pressing on the abdomen, they can look for fluid-filled sacs where the puppies are developing. However, this method requires a skilled veterinarian, as improper handling can harm the developing pups. The distinct shape of these sacs is only detectable for a short period, which makes timing crucial.

• Ultrasound:

  An ultrasound can be performed to detect pregnancy in dogs between 25 and 35 days of gestation. This method allows veterinarians to observe the developing embryos and even detect fetal heartbeats, which are faster than the mother's. An ultrasound not only confirms pregnancy but also provides an estimate of the number of puppies, helping you anticipate the litter size.

• Hormone test:

  Around 25 to 30 days into the pregnancy, a blood test can measure the level of relaxin, a hormone produced only during pregnancy. This test is quite accurate for detecting pregnancy, although it may not be as reliable in small or toy breeds with fewer puppies.

• X-ray:

  In the last trimester, usually after 55 days, X-rays become a valuable tool. At this stage, the puppies' skeletal structures are visible, allowing veterinarians to count the number of fetuses accurately. This information is crucial for preparing for delivery and ensuring all puppies are accounted for during whelping.

How to care for a pregnant dog?

A pregnant dog requires extra care and attention. So, here are a few things, you can do to keep your fur baby healthy and happy, so she can bless this world with healthier and happier four-legged angels:

• Proper nutrition:

  A balanced diet is crucial for a pregnant dog. During the first two trimesters, continue feeding her a high-quality adult dog food, monitoring her weight to ensure that she doesn't lose any. As her pregnancy progresses into the last trimester, her caloric needs increase by 25% to 50%. Switch her to a growth or puppy diet, offering small, frequent meals to accommodate her growing abdomen. Avoid supplements unless recommended by your vet and ensure that she's on a diet approved for lactation once the puppies are born.

• Exercise:

  While normal exercise is beneficial, avoid strenuous activities during the first two weeks of gestation to support embryo implantation. As her pregnancy advances, opt for shorter, more frequent walks to maintain her energy levels. Gentle exercise helps keep her fit without overexerting her.

• Visits to the vet:

  Regular veterinary care is essential. Before breeding, ensure she's up to date on vaccinations and deworming. Once pregnancy is confirmed, schedule check-ups to monitor her health and address any concerns. Discuss potential complications and prepare for emergencies as your dog approaches labour. Your vet can help determine if a natural birth or cesarean section is necessary and guide you on canine signs of labour.

As your dog's pregnancy progresses, it's crucial to gather all necessary supplies for whelping. Setting up a whelping box in a quiet, accessible area provides a safe, comfortable space for your dog to give birth. Choose a box with low sides to allow easy access for the mother while keeping the puppies secure. Line it with newspaper or thin sheets for easy cleanup as whelping can be messy. Additionally, have clean towels, a heat source, and veterinary contact information ready. Support your dog through this journey with love and care and soon you'll be surrounded by adorable bundles of joy!